REVISTA DE REUMATOLOGÍA
CONCLUSION
La AR es una enfermedad frecuente,
crónica y de curso variable. Las características
epidemiológicas pueden ser diferentes en función del grupo
étnico estudiado. La AR puede ser una enfermedad grave y
costosa, por lo tanto, el estudio de los factores que influyen
sobre su curso es importante no sólo para el médico, sino
también para el paciente y para la sociedad. Los estudios hasta
ahora adelantados sobre la enfermedad en Colombia son escasos y,
en su mayoría, son descriptivos y reportados en resúmenes21.
La investigación de los diferentes factores asociados a la
susceptibilidad y gravedad de la AR en nuestro medio mejorará el
conocimiento de la misma y permitirá un mejor manejo, dado que
los pacientes con mayor riesgo de severidad podrán ser
detectados con argumentos basados en estos estudios y tratados
consecuentemente.
REFERENCIAS
- Garrod AB. The nature and
treatment of gout and rheumatic gout. London: Walton and
Moberly, 1859
- Landré-Beauvais AJ. Doit-on
admettre une nouvelle espece de goutte sous la
denomination de goutte primitive asthenique?. Thesis,
Paris, 1800
- Tamisier JN, Thomas Ph, Duruy
B. Diagnostic rétrospectif de la condition
rhumatologique de Madame de Sévigné. En: Appelboom T,
ed. Les affections rhumatismales dans l'art et dans
l'histoire. Bruselas: René Malherbe, 1988, p.78-79
- Anaya JM, Correa P, Mantilla
RD, Jiménez F, Kuffner T, McNicholl JM. Prevalencia y
severidad de la artritis reumatoidea en población
afrocolombiana de Quibdó. Acta Med Colomb 1998; 23:
322-333.
- Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch
DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987
revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid
arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 315-324.
- Gabriel SE. The sensitivity
and specificity of computerized databases for the
diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum
1994;37: 821-823.
- Nissila M, Isomaki H, Kaarela
K, et al. Prognosis of inflammatory joint diseases. A
three year follow-up study. Scand J Rheumatol 1983; 12:
33-38.
- Eberhardt KB, Rydgen LC,
Petterson H, Wollheim FA. Early rheumatoid arthritis _
onset, course and outcome over two years. Rheum Int 1990;
10: 135-142.
- Pinals RS, Masi AT, Larsen
RA. Preliminary criteria for clinical remission in
rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1981; 24:
1308-1315.
- Silman AJ, Hochber MC.
Rheumatoid arthritis. En : Silman AJ, Hochber MC, eds.
Epidemiology of the Rheumatic Diseases. New York: Oxford
University Press; 1993: 7-68.
- Alarcón GS. Epidemiology of
rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1995; 21:
589-604
- Lawrence RC, Helmick CH G,
Arnett FC, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of
arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the
United States. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 778-799
- Drosos AA, Alamanos I,
Voulgari PV, et al. Epidemiology of adult rheumatoid
arthritis in Northwest Greece 1987-1995. J Rheumatol
1997; 24: 2129-2133.
- Cimmino MA, Parisi M,
Moggiana G, Mela GS, Accardo S. Prevalence of rheumatoid
arthritis in Italy: the Chiavari study. Ann Rheum Dis
1998; 57: 315-318.
- Louvot J, Flipo RM, Le Dantec
L, et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in France: a
study in the urban area of Lille (resumen). Revue Rheum
1996; 63: 702.
- Willkens RF, Blandau RL,
Aoyama DT, et al. Studies of rheumatoid arthritis among a
tribe of Northwest Indians. J Rheumatol 1976; 3: 9-14.
- Harvey J, Arnett FC, Bias WB
et al. Heterogeneity of HLA-DR4 in the rheumatoid
arthritis of a Chippewa band. J Rheumatol 1981; 8:
797-803.
- Del Puente A, Knowler WC,
Pettitt DJ, et al. High incidence and prevalence of
rheumatoid arthritis in Pima Indians. Am J Epidemiol
1989; 129: 1170-1178.
- Silman AJ, Ollier W, Holligan
S, et al. Abserce of rheumatoid arthritis in a rural
Nigerian populations. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 618-622.
- Otero, GEO. Estudio
epidemiológico: prevalencia de tres enfermedades en el
barrio Minuto de Dios de Bogotá. Bogotá: Fundación
Instituto de Reumatología e Inmunología, 1986.
- Anaya JM. ¿Participar,
publicar o aportar? El modelo de la investigación en
artritis reumatoidea (resumen). Rev Colomb Reumatol.
1997; 4: 111.
- Rueda Gutiérrez J, González
Buriticá H, Abello Banfi M. Evaluación y seguimiento de
pacientes con artritis reumatoide. En: Ramírez LA, Anaya
JM, eds. Artritis Reumatoide. Medellín, Edimeco, S.A.,
1998: 129-145
- Rasker JJ, Cosh JA. Cause and
age at death in a prospective study of 100 patients with
rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40: 115-120.
- Reilly PA, Cosh JA, Maddison
PJ, et al. Mortality and survival in rheumatoid
arthritis: a 25 year prospective study of 100 patients.
Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 363-369.
- Corbett M, Young A, Dalton D,
et al. Factors predicting death, survival and functional
outcome in a prospective study of early rheumatoid
disease over fifteen years. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32:
717-723.
- James D, Cox N, Davis P, et
al. Major life events as a result of rheumatoid
arthritis. A comparison between 9 centres in 446 patients
in the first three years of disease. Br J Rheumatol 1995;
34 (suppl): 9.
- Peña Cortés MA. Mortalidad.
En: Peña Cortés MA, ed. Artritis Reumatoidea. Treinta
años de experiencia. Editorial Servi Offset, Santafé de
Bogotá, 1997: 67-75
- Gao X, Olsen NJ, Pincus T,
Stasny P. HLA-DR alleles with naturally occurring
aminoacid substitutions and risk for development of
rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 939-946.
- Weyand CM, Hicok KG, Conn DL,
Goronzy J. The influence of HLA-DRB1 genes on disease
severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Int Med 1992; 117:
801-806.
- Reveille JD. The genetic
contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Cur Opin Rheumatol 1998; 10: 187-200.
- McDaniel DO, Alarcón GS,
Pratt PW, Reveille JD. Most African-American patients
with rheumatoid arthritis do not have the rheumatoid
antigenic determinant (epitope). Ann Intern Med 1995;
123: 181-187
- Wagner V, Kaltenhauser S,
Sauer H, et al. HLA markers and prediction of clinical
course and outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis
Rheum 1997; 40: 341-351.
- Collins EJ. Crystallographic
analysis of peptide binding by class I and class II major
histocompatibility antigens. En: Urban RG,
- MacGregor A, Ollier W,
Thomson W, Jawaheer D, Silman A. HLA-DRB1*0401/0404
genotype and rheumatoid arthritis: increased association
in men, young age at onset, and disease severity. J
Rheumatol 1995; 22: 1032-1036.
- Hall FC, Weeks DE, Camilleri
JP, et al. Influence of the HLA-DRB1 locus on
susceptibility and severity in rheumatoid arthritis. QJM
1996; 11: 821-829.
- Van Jaarseveld CHM, Otten HG,
Jacobs JWJ, Kruize AA, Brus HLM, Bijlsma JWJ. Is there an
indication for HLA-DR typing for individual patients with
rheumatoid arthritis? Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998; 16:
483-488.
- Teller K, Budhai L, Zhang M,
Haramati N, Keiser HD, Davison A. HLA-DRB1 and DQB typing
of hispanic american patients with rheumatoid
arthritis : the "shared epitope' hypothesis may
not apply. J Rheumatol 1996; 23: 1363-1368.
- Gonzalez A, Nicovani S,
Massardo L, et al. Influence of the HLA-DR? shared
epitope on susceptibility to and clinical expression of
rheumatoid arthritis in Chilean patients. Ann Rheum Dis
1997; 56: 191-193.
- Clavijo Acero E, Molina Ramos
T, Bernal Gómez A, Pinilla Roa A. Incidencia del HLA en
artritis reumatoidea (resumen) Acta Med Colomb 1990;
15(suppl): 267.
- Yunis JJ, Salazar M,
Deulofeut R, et al. DRB1*0404 allele and rheumatoid
arthritis in the Guambiano amerindian tribe of Colombia
(resumen). Arthritis Rheum 1994; 38(suppl): 4
- Avila LM, Garzón AM, Talero
OH, Reyes E, Valle RR. Estudio inmunogenético en
pacientes colombianos con artritis reumatoide (resumen).
Rev Colomb Reumatol 1995; 2: 90.
- Wucherpfenning KW, Strominger
JL. Selective binding of self peptides to
disease-associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
molecules: A mechanism for MHC-linked susceptibility to
human autoimmune diseases. J Exp Med 1995; 181:
1597-1601.
- Oldstone MBA. Molecular
mimicry and immune-mediated diseases. FASEB J 1998 12:
1255-1265.
- Gorga JC, Monos D. HLA and
disease: molecular basis. En: Urban RG, Chicz RM, eds.
MHC Molecules. Expression, Assembly and Function. New
York: Chapman & Hall; 1996: 135-162.
- Albani S, Carson DA. A
multistep molecular mimicry hypothesis for the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Today 1996;
17:466-470.
- Auger I, Roudier J. A
function for the QKRAA amino acid motif: mediating
binding of DnaJ to DnaK. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:
1818-1822
- Kurzik-Dumke U, Schick C,
Rzepka R, Melchers I. Overexpression of human homologs of
the bacterial DnaJ chaperone in the synovial tissue of
patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999;
42: 210-220.
- Jawaheer D, Thomson W,
MacGregor AJ, et al. «Homozygosity» For the HLA-DR
shared epitope contributes the highest risk for
rheumatoid arthritis concordance in identical twins.
Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 681-686.
- Aicher WK, Sakamoto KM, Hack
A, Eibel H. Analysis of functional elements in the human
Egr-1 gene promoter. Rheumatol Int. 1999; 18: 207-214.
- Cantagrel A, Navaux F,
Loubet-Lescoulie P, et al. Interleukin-1beta,
interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-4, and
interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms: relationship to
occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42: 1093-1100.
- Carson DA, Haneji N. Fighting
arthritis with a senescence gene [news; comment]. Nat
Med. 1999; 5: 731-732.
- De Vries N, van Elderen C,
Tijssen H, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB. No support for
HLA-DQ S-transferase loci with susceptibility and outcome
in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the shared
epitope. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999; 58: 164-168.
- Encoded susceptibility in
rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42:
1621-1627.
- Han Z, Boyle DL, Shi Y, Green
DR, Firestein GS. Dominant-negative p53 mutations in
rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42:
1088-1092.
- John S, Myerscough A, Eyre S,
et al. Linkage of a marker in intron D of the estrogen
synthase locus to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum.
1999; 42: 1617-1620.
- Kullmann F, Judex M,
Neudecker I, et al. Analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor
gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.
Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42:1594-1600.
- Matsushita M, Tsuchiya N, Oka
T, Yamane A, Tokunaga K. New variations of human SHP-1.
Immunogenetics. 1999; 49: 577-579.
- Mattey DL, Hassell AB, Plant
M, et al. Association of polymorphism in glutathione
Chicz RM, eds. MHC Molecules. Expression, Assembly and
Function. New York: Chapman & Hall; 1996: 113-134.
- Perdriger A, Guggenbuhl P,
Chales G, et al. Positive association of the HLA
DMB1*0101-0101 genotype with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatology. 1999; 38: 448-452.
- Ushiyama T, Mori K, Inoue K,
Huang J, Nishioka J, Hukuda S. Association of oestrogen
receptor gene polymorphisms with age at onset of
rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999; 58: 7-10.
- Cornélis F, Fauré S,
Martinez M, et al. New susceptibility locus for
rheumatoid arthritis suggested by a genome-wide linkage
study. PNAS 1998; 95: 10746-10750.
- Eskdale J, McNicholl J,
Wordsworth P, et al. Interleukin-10 microsatellite
polymorphisms and IL-10 locus alleles in rheumatoid
arthritis susceptibility. Lancet 1998; 352:1282-1283.
- Higami K, Hakoda M, Matsuda
Y, Ueda H, Kashiwazaki S. Lack of association of HLA-DRB1
genotype with radiologic progression in Japanese patients
with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997;
40: 2241-2247.
- Wakitani S, Murata N, Toda Y,
et al. The relationship between HLA-DRB1 alleles and
disease subsets of rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese. Br J
Rheumatol 1997; 36: 630-636.
- Debaz H, Olivo A, Vázquez
García MN, et al. Relevant residues of DRbeta1 third
hypervariable region contributing to the expression and
to severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Mexicans. Hum
Immunol 1998 59: 287-94.
- Weyand CM, Schmidt D, Wagner
U, Goronzy J. The influence of sex on the phenotype of
rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 817-822.
- Brennan P, Hajeer A, Ong KR,
et al. Allelic markers close to prolactin are associated
with HLA-DRB1 susceptibility alleles among women with
rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1383-1386.
- Gutiérrez MA, Anaya JM,
Cabrera GE, Vindrola O, Espinoza LR. Prolactin, a link
between neuroendocrine and immune systems. Its role in
the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Rev Rhum 1994;
61: 261-267.
- Spector TD, Perry LA, Tubb G,
Silman AJ, Huskisson EC. Low free testosterone levels in
males with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47:
65-68.
- Ollier W. HLA genes and
rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. En: Day I, Humphries
S, eds. Genetic of Common Diseases: future therapeutic
and diagnostic possibilities. Oxford: BIOS Scientific,
1998: 171-183.
- Word Health Organization.
International classification of impairments, disabilities
and handicaps. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 1980.
- Pincus T, Callahan LF. How
many types of patients meet classification criteria for
rheumatoid arthritis?. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1385-1389.
- Pincus T, Brooks RH, Callahan
LF. Measures of inflammatory activity in rheumatoid
arthritis may indicate no change or improvement over 5
years while measures of damage indicate disease
progression: implications for assessment of long-term
outcomes (resumen). Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38
(suppl.):S258.
- Kirwan J. A theoretical
framework for process outcome and prognosis in rheumatoid
arthritis. J Rheumatol 1992;19:333-6
- Van der Heijde DMFM. The
continuing challenge of predictive factors in rheumatoid
arthritis: Prediction or association? J Rheumatol
1997;24:1-8.
- Laupacis A, Wells G,
Richardson WS, Tugwell P. Users' guides to the medical
literature. V. How to use an article about prognosis.
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1994 272:3
234-237.
- Young A, van der Heijde DMFP.
Can we predict aggressive disease? Bailliere's Clin
Rheumatol 1997; 11: 27-48.
- Rodríguez DA, Plata CA,
Gutiérrez JM. Validación de la versión colombiana del
cuestionario de salud de Stanford. Acta Med Colomb 1998;
23:62-68.
- Pincus T. Assessment of
long-term outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. How choices
of measures and study designs may lead to apparently
different conclusions. Rheum Dis Clin NA 1995; 21:
619-654.
Haga su consulta por tema

